The lamprey fishing in the Šventoji River

The Šventoji River, located in the historical Mėguva region, is one of the few rivers in which river lampreys still migrate naturally. These eel‑like migratory fish, highly valued by gourmets, have been caught by the fishermen of Šventoji for several centuries. Although the exact beginning of lamprey fishing in the river is unknown, accounts by local historians and community informants reveal that lamprey fishing with venteriai (basket traps) has been practiced in Šventoji since at least the 19th century. Lampreys are also mentioned in the menus of medieval monarchs and noble estates. 

In the 18th–19th centuries, lampreys were lured into bučiukai—traps woven from willow rods. Since the early 20th century, they have been caught in the Šventoji River using special barrel‑shaped traps positioned so that the current directs the migrating fish into the device. Fishing takes place in autumn or early winter, when lampreys swim upstream, often at night or at dawn, when their movement is most active. Today’s fishermen follow the rules and restrictions applied to commercial fishing in inland waters. A long‑standing custom in the community dictates that traps are set only in family‑owned or long‑used locations inherited through generations. 

Lamprey fishing is demanding work that requires strength, patience, and endurance. Fishermen work calmly and cooperatively, and after a successful catch, they gather to share stories and enjoy freshly prepared fish. They actively participate in local fishing festivals, where humorous tales and life experiences are exchanged. 

The people of Šventoji possess deep knowledge of how to prepare and preserve lampreys. Each family has its own secrets for marinating, baking, salting, or smoking the fish. Lamprey dishes are part of everyday cuisine and are among the most cherished foods on Christmas Eve (Kūčios). The catch is sold at local markets, to acquaintances, or exported abroad. Local businesses in Šventoji contribute to regional economic activity and cultural tourism. 

Lamprey fishing in the Šventoji River is an integral part of the identity of the Mėguva region. It shapes the lifestyle, character, and cultural landscape of local people. This is a vibrant economic activity, passed down from generation to generation, that brings together fishing families and the entire community, preserving valuable knowledge of traditional fishing practices.

Submission by Palanga Resort Museum, 2025

Tradition bearers – the fishing community of Šventoji, Palanga Resort Museum